PRESSURE GROUPS & THEIR EFFECTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Weight GROUPS and THEIR EFFECTS - Essay Example In all cases, pressure bunches utilize a wide assortment of strategies to attempt to achieve change in governments and organizations. A portion of the gatherings demand remaining inside the laws of the countries in which they work. They raise reserves, teach and campaign individuals from government to institute laws that help their perspectives. In non-vote based nations, this is frequently unrealistic on the grounds that the very presence of the weight gathering might be unlawful. Other weight bunches look to point out their motivation by making legitimate open shows, for example, walks and rallies. By doing this, they would like to produce enthusiasm for their gathering and their motivation that will bring about more noteworthy open mindfulness and expanded enrollment (Utting). In some cases these walks and rallies are legitimate and once in a while they overstep laws such a license infringement or hindering open spots. On the off chance that they turn savage, instigating wild cond uct laws can be brought to tolerate against these gatherings. Other weight bunches blatantly overstep the law as a methods for causing to notice their motivation. They will trespass, vandalize and stigmatize as a methods for influencing general conclusion. While numerous different strategies can be utilized by pressure gatherings, one thing these gatherings can't do is power any partnership or government to change. They should impact the populace in free and abused states the world over to accomplish their objectives. This paper will inspect the objectives and strategies of three weight bunches that are right now dynamic in the United Kingdom and at times, the world over. One open weight bunch is the Open Spaces Society. This gathering attempts to secure normal land, pathways, right of ways and parks from infringement and blockage. This gathering is a generally excellent case of a decentralized weight bunch that demonstrations locally and totally inside the law. A short history of the gathering is basic to seeing how they work and why they utilize the strategies they do. The

Criminal Fraud Trials free essay sample

Portrays thinks about complex cases in U.S., Australia United Kingdom. Preliminary length, job of jury, jury choice, litigants rights, legal capability, venture extortion, sorted out wrongdoing, severance, change. This paper will analyze the issues of complex criminal preliminaries in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The attention will be on genuine misrepresentation cases, which generally include protections laws infringement. There will likewise be some conversation of composed wrongdoing cases in the United States, since the majority of the debates over complex criminal cases have emerged with regards to these cases. The initial segment of the paper will talk about these issues all in all terms, taking note of the reactions of how these preliminaries are directed and the endeavors at change. The second piece of the paper will take a gander at three real preliminaries, one each in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Pundits of the current criminal equity frameworks point to these three preliminaries specifically as illustrative of the issues presented by complex

The Best Research Tips to Get You Started

The Best Research Tips to Get You StartedThe best research is done by you! When you start researching, it is just like any other project that you are trying to do. However, you should take note of some of the following things so that you can have a better chance at achieving your goal in the shortest amount of time possible.The first thing that you should do is to set up goals for your research. Decide what types of products you want to research and then start planning how long you are going to spend doing the research. Keep in mind that it can be tedious work but it is important to set reasonable goals for yourself so that you do not become overwhelmed with the amount of information that you need to go through. It is best to do your research in short bursts because it will be easier for you to keep up with the amount of time that you want to spend researching. And while you are still going through the initial research, you should consider looking at the websites that offer money for certain types of information.Now, the next most important part of getting the best research is to start interviewing people. This is actually a more difficult process than you may have thought. There are various different types of people that you could interview, including those that are close to you, friends, family members, or acquaintances. You should also be careful when it comes to your choice of location and type of surroundings. The type of environment that you are comfortable in will determine how much time you will spend researching on a specific subject.Now, if you want to get the best research for your research then you need to be clear about the scope of your topic. Make sure that you only research topics that are related to your ultimate purpose for doing the research. Having a limited topic will help ensure that you do not end up wasting too much time researching useless information. After all, if you spent a lot of time looking into water purification, then you may a s well spend the same amount of time researching to find out how to make your shower a little cleaner.As mentioned above, it can be tedious to look through all of the available information but if you plan your time well, it can save you a lot of time. This is especially true when you are trying to find out which products to research. You should spend the first couple of days doing the research so that you do not spend the whole day looking through the internet. Remember that each minute that you waste is a minute that you do not achieve something.Also, it is important to know where you are spending your time so that you can set realistic goals for yourself. Remember that it is easy to get distracted from the task at hand when there is a lot of information to go through. Also, try to take notes on the websites that you visit so that you have a clearer picture of what you are looking for. It can be very helpful to stay in one place for a few hours so that you can do the research witho ut worrying about how long it is taking. This is especially true if you are doing an online survey because you may be able to focus on answering questions for longer periods of time.Finally, it is important to stay organized so that you can stay focused. Remember that each minute that you waste is a minute that you are not getting results. So it is important to get rid of any unfinished projects and get back to the task at hand once you have had a chance to finish any of your current tasks.Keep in mind that there are many different ways that you can get your research done. One way is to go through your research and write down everything that you have learned. This should help you get started on your research but once you find what you are looking for, try to stay organized and get back to your primary task.

Business Analysis Business Intelligence And Analytics

Today’s business environment is increasingly complex and dynamic and organizations must adapt to these changes in order to remain competitive. As a result, organizations must continually realign their operations to meet these business environment pressures and challenges by being as responsive as possible to both their customers and competitors. One such tool that organizations and businesses can enlist in order to build stronger capabilities, improve performance, undertake better decision making, and achieve a competitive advantage is Business Intelligence. An organization that successfully employs business intelligence is able to collect pertinent information in a usable form in a timely fashion and have it accessible to decision†¦show more content†¦2011). Organizations often employ BIA to improve their decision making, cut costs, and identify new business opportunities. Based on a survey of over 4,000 information technology professionals from 93 countries and 25 industries, the IBM Tech Trends Report (2011) identified business analytics as one of the most important technology trends in the 2010s. Business intelligence and analytics has, in a relatively short period of time, gone from a relatively unknown concept to one that many argue is essential for organizations to harness in order to attain and retain a competitive advantage. The research questions motivating this project therefore are: RQ1: What factors have led to the evolution of business intelligence and analytics? RQ2: What directions might Business intelligence and analytics go in the future? Research Method This research paper is a result of a literature review of case studies, professional journals, news articles, and industry web sites concerning business intelligence, its history and evolution, and its impact on organizational efficiency and performance. Results of Literature Review Historical Perspective Business intelligence can trace its roots back to the late 1960s and early 1970s with the advent of the relational database (Bergan, 2009). Thanks to the database, organizations

The L-Shaped or Corner Kitchen Layout A Basic Guide

The L-shaped kitchen layout is a standard kitchen layout suitable for corners and open spaces. With great ergonomics, this layout makes kitchen work efficient and avoids traffic problems by providing plenty of counter space in two directions. The basic dimensions of an L-shaped kitchen can vary, depending on how the kitchen is divided. This will create multiple work zones, though for optimal use one length of the L-shape should be longer than 15 feet and the other no longer than eight. L-shaped kitchens can be constructed in any number of ways, but its important to consider the foot traffic expected, need for cabinets and counter space, the positioning of the sink in relation to walls and windows, and the lighting arrangements of the kitchen before building a corner unit into your home. Basic Design Elements of Corner Kitchens Every L-shaped kitchen contains the same basic design elements: a refrigerator, two counter tops perpendicular to one another, cabinets above and below, a stove, how they all are placed in relation to one another, and the overall aesthetic of the room. The two countertops should be built with the tops of the counters at the  optimal counter-top height, which should typically be 36 inches from the floor, however this standard of measurement is in relation to the average American height, so if youre taller or shorter than average, you should adjust the height of your countertop to match. Optimal cabinet heights should be used unless special considerations exist, with base cabinets at a minimum of 24-inches deep and possess an adequate toe kick  while upper cabinets should be used where additional storage space is needed with none placed above the sink. The placement of the refrigerator, stove, and sink should be taken into account before building starts, so be sure to design and develop your  kitchen work triangle in relation to the design of your overall kitchen and what youll be using it for most. The L-Shaped Kitchen Work Triangle Since the 1940s, American home makers have designed their kitchens to all be arranged with the work triangle (fridge, stove, sink) in mind, and now that gold standard has been perfected to dictate that within this triangle, there should be four to seven feet between fridge and sink, four to six between sink and stove, and four to nine between stove and fridge. In this, the refrigerators hinge should be placed on the outside corner of the triangle so it can be opened from the center of the triangle, and no object like a cabinet or table should be placed in the line of any leg of this work triangle. Further, no household foot traffic should flow through the work triangle during dinner preparation. For these reasons, one could also consider how open or wide the L-shape is. An open kitchen allows any through traffic corridors to skirt the kitchen work zone while a wide variation adds a kitchen island or table — which should be at least five feet from the counter-top. ​Lighting levels  from fixtures and windows will also play a major role in the placement of the kitchen work triangle, so keep these in mind as you draft a design for your perfect kitchen.

Iago Essay - 1146 Words

Iago, More than Just a Villain Iago, the evil villain of Shakespeares Othello, is more than just a villain. In many ways he is the most intelligent and appealing character in the play. Iago shows superiority over the rest of the characters in the play. He has the ability to manipulate the characters in the play, therefore controlling the play with every sequence of events. His intelligence shines through his ability to deceive, his ability to strategize, and his ability to twist the truth. Iago is appealing to the characters of the pay because he gives them what they want. Iago is appealing to the reader as well. His character is totally unconflicted about being evil, making him known to some authors as the villain of all villains. Iago†¦show more content†¦i. 68-74). The significance is that Roderigo makes him upset by telling him of Othello and Desdemona. Iago’s deceiving plot makes Rodrigo as if he is an honest nobody who wants to help Rodrigo and his â€Å"lost â€Å" daughter. Rodrigo calls to Brabantio’s window and pours out his emotions on this subject. â€Å"†¦ Your fair daughter†¦ / Transported with no worse nor better gaured / But with a knave of common hire, a grandolier / To the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor† (!. I. 121-25). The significance of these quotes is that Iago creates this blue print in which he uses his strategical intelligence to manipulate Rodrigo into manipulating Brabantio into believing that the â€Å"Moor† is lascivious, which will infuriate Brabantio. This is a very complex scheme that was provoked by Iago. He makes both Rodrigo and Brabantio adversaries of Othello. This plan wasn’t for the benefit of Rodrigo or Brabantio, but by using them as pawns, he gets closer to destroying Othello without getting involved in the conflict, which shows a good example of his intelligence. Iago has a keen ability to be able to twist the truth. He is able to work around what is real by his excellent word usage and persuasiveness. Iago uses words to create puns that can easily make someone, Othello, jealous. In the third act Othello, Iago, and Emilia are having a conversation on Iago and Emilia’s relationship, which notifies Othello of the problems to come. Emilia exits theShow MoreRelatedIago: The Living Janus1325 Words   |  6 Pagesoften by the pursuit of immediate gratification in criminal acts or sexual perversion then Iago fits the description perfectly. Iago of all people wields the power of manipulation like no other man in Othello; he has a complete lack of empathy, is aggressive and he is a master deceiver. To begin with, Iago in the play has a complete lack of empathy towards his peers and general surrounding; although Iago seems to care about his friends, most sociopaths are liked because of their charm and highRead MoreIago Quotes In Othello1008 Words   |  5 Pagescareful who you trust, the devil was once an angel.† (Unknown). Honest Iago, good Iago, many names for the character who created so much chaos throughout Shakespeare’s classic tragedy Othello. Iago manipulated everyone; he went out of his way to destroy Othello’s relationships with Desdemona, take everything from Rodrigo, and the effort to destroy Cassio. Othello had much respect towards Iago and put much trust into him. Iago was very good a hiding his true intentions to take down Othello’s relationshipRead MoreIago, By William Shakespeare1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago is arguably the most heinous villain in all of literature. His ability to shape shift in and out of character is what makes him unique. His tactics are similar to that of a cold blooded chameleon. Iago’s art of persuasion, his mastery of rhetoric as well as his ability to sense his victims’ insecurities and weaknesses, is what makes him so diabolically ruthless. Throughout the play, one can truly see the power of words and their delivery,Read MoreEssay on Honest Iago2147 Words   |  9 PagesHonest Iago The poet Coleridge appropriately described the character of Iago as being one of motiveless malignity. Throughout the play Iago’s motives are secondary to, and seem only to serve as justification for, his actions. Iago is driven by his nature of character. To discuss Coleridge’s assessment we must look at Iago’s character—from Iago’s point of view and that of the other characters—his motives, methods, and pawns. Through some carefully thought-out words and actions, Iago is ableRead MoreIago the Machiavellian in Othello1420 Words   |  6 Pagessuspect him. Iago is a Machiavellian Shakespearean character who cunningly convinces his victims of his full moral support and proves his innocence in a way that his victims do not suspect him. When Cassio finishes his conversation with Desdemona about how he will not have his job back, Iago unfolds his mischievous plan against Desdemona when he says that, â€Å"so will I turn her virtue into p itch, And out of her own goodness make the net that shall enmesh them all† (Shakespeare, 49). Iago plans to destroyRead MoreIago : The Rhetorician Conspirator1680 Words   |  7 PagesDavin Truong Professor Bains English Writing 301 11/13/14 Iago: The Rhetorician Conspirator In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago is arguably the most heinous villain in all of literature. His ability to shape shift in and out of character is what makes him unique. His tactics are similar to that of a cold blooded chameleon. Iago’s art of persuasion, his mastery of rhetoric as well as his ability to sense his victims’ insecurities and weaknesses, is what makes him so diabolicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello And Iago 1463 Words   |  6 Pagesintentions, this â€Å"hero† ends up causing much more harm then needed because he is not self-aware and has a different perspective than everyone else. In the play Othello many characters have the same issue with perspective and self-awareness. Othello and Iago are the two main characters that allow their views on themselves to take control over their actions without their awareness. There is a tragic ending to this play and it was all because of differing perspectives and lack of self -awareness. The Bhagavad-GitaRead MoreOthello: Iago the Outsider1794 Words   |  8 Pagesmust be an outsider from humanity who somehow stands out from the seemingly equal community. In the case of Shakespeares Othello the outsider from humanity would be Iago for he truly stands out from the rest of society. Although Othello may be physically put out of the community, it seems that on an emotional and egotistical level Iago puts himself out of society further then Othellos blackness does. He is not merely manipulative, as other villains are; he turns aspects of truth and good qualitiesRead MoreEssay about Iago Of Othello709 Words   |  3 PagesIago of Othello What makes a good villain? What qualities make one villain stand out from another? Is it their demeanor, ruthlessness, or the methods that they employ to accomplish their tasks? In any case, a great villain must leave the reader with a respect for their methods and a question about their motives. In Shakespeares Othello, there is one character in Iago that fulfills all of these qualifications. Iago is a wonderful villain because he gains others trust, relentlessly takes advantageRead MoreIago Is The Driving Force Of The Plot1148 Words   |  5 Pagesnothing to reach his goal. Iago, in his hunt for revenge against Othello, fits this role. Or does he? In Shakespeare s play, Othello, Iago is the driving force of the plot and one of the most cunning villains in four hundred years. Without looking into it, Iago could be considered just another generic Shakespeare villain; however, his shallow emotions, high self esteem, and his dishonest nature prove him to be much more. Th e average reader would not define Iago as much more than a regular

Driver behavior and the accident research - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Driver behavior and the accident research. Answer: Introduction This paper demonstrates the impact of fluctuation in Australian dollar on the Australian retail organizations. Every currency periodically experiences fluctuations due to several external factors. When the currency slides its value, it creates a negative impact on the retail industry. The retail companies are forced to raise their retail price which results in poor consumer sentiments (Campbell, 2013). It is observed thatAustralia market is recovered after the 2008 financial crisis. The currency fluctuation rate can be defined as the slight increase or decrease in currency as compared to the US Dollar. It also discusses the role of the exchange rate and its direct impact on the nations trade level. Furthermore, the exchange rate influence the ROI. This report will also consider different factors that influence the Australian dollar as compared to the US dollar. Research problem In the current business scenario, it is analyzed that the fluctuation in the Australian dollar exchange rate has increased the risk on the certain business. The value of Australian dollar has been increasing and decreasing with the US dollar. Hence, the organization was needed to manage the exchange rate fluctuation issue due to effectively operating the business and getting higher profitability (Reboredo, et al., 2014). Background In the current business scenario, the Australian retail organizations faced many issues by fluctuations in the Australian dollar exchange rate. Due to high competition in the Australian retail industry, organization is unable to influence a large number of consumers and retain them in long-term. Furthermore, demand and needs of customers have direct impact on the financial performance and market recognition. Australian organization uses different policy and procedure as compared to a retail organization of another country because each country has their different policy (Ferraro, et al., 2015). Historical Background The above graph shows the average value of Woolworths over the years. Although the value of the company has declined, it has reduced over the years. Economic Background The above graph shows that in the Australian market, the company has maximum market share. It has the largest share which is more than Coles, its biggest competitors and other foreign retailers. Social Background The above graph shows the social contribution of Woolworths in South Africa. The company has second biggest market in South Africa after Australia. The graph shows the contribution of the company in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in South African market. The figures are shown in South African Rand. The organization needs to improve their understanding regarding the impact of Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuation.Consequently, it supports Australian retail organization tooperate their business in the Australian. The exchange rate attracts the business process of Australian retail organization and generates the problem to make a unique image in the marketplace. In the existing period, it is also addressed that the Australian retail organization faces many problems to effectively run their businessand attain their specified goal.Hence,Woolworths limited has needed to develop their knowledge about the impact of Australia exchange rate fluctuation as compared to the US dollar on the retail organization as it will be effectiveto get higher competitive benefits. Moreover, company canalso be capable toattract a large number of consumers in less time and cost as it could improve their financial performance (Chkili and Nguyen, 2014). Moreover, a large number of retail organizationshavegained their knowledge about the Australian exchange rate influence forgetting higher profit. It will also aidan organization to enhance their awareness about new technologies for effectively deal with Australian exchange rate fluctuation issues as it will support the employee to meet their specified task inspecified cost and time.The fluctuation in Australian exchange ratewill also influence the demand and sale of product and services in the marketplace. Therefore, theorganization will use marketing strategies to manage with the exchange rate fluctuation and operate their business effectively (Gyntelberg, et al., 2014). Through this, an organization will be capableto improve their existing situation of thefirm. Moreover, an organization will also be able to develop their internal abilities to effectively manage the crisis situation and enhance the level of competitive benefit. Beside this, it could also be examined that dollar exch ange rate is significant in the business hence many researchers have completed their research study on the role of dollar exchange rate in business. However, there is lack of research on the impact of Australian exchange rate fluctuation as compared to the US dollar in the context of retail organization. Hence, researcher has decided to complete their research on current research dilemma. Further, it is also found that there are many causes that inspired the investigator to choose this research problem like thesignificance of the research, resource availability,and research motivation. It would also enable the investigator to obtain the liable data in less cost and time. This research studywill help the researcherand reader to enhance their understanding towards the Australian exchange rate fluctuation as compared to the US dollar (Chen and Juvenal 2016). Ethical Consideration In the research, concept of ethics is associated with the concluded every task of research in a valid and ethical way by considering the rules and regulation of university and confidentiality of participants. It supports researcher to conduct suitable behavior for completing their research and get avalid outcome. In this dissertation, the researcher will face ethical issues in thecontext of copyright acts violation, plagiarism, and manipulation of data (Jayasinghe, and Tsui2014). These issues will be mitigated by the researcher by using appropriate references and citation of theactual author. Beside this, for eliminating similarity from the report, a researcher will use the particular language to evaluate the collected information. In addition, the researcher will also take aprior appointmentwith the chosen candidates in order to collectinformation incontext of research dilemma. From this, the researcher will be capable to pool the actual information from the candidates. It will also facilitate the researcher to keep the validity and reliability of data. Beside this, a researcher will also make secure the personal data of participants at the time of research. It will aid the researcher to make arobust relationship with the candidates (Brahmasrene, et al., 2014).Researcher should focus on some different factors at the time of conducting their research such as honest, reliable, transparent, objective, and non-biased as it could be effective to obtain the ethical result. Literature Review In the perspective of Comarda (2017), the fluctuations in the currency rate has a significant impact on the trade and commerce of an industry. The luxury brands also have a significant impact as a result of the shifts in the exchange rate. Most of the companies in different sector utilize the option of shifting production as a response to the fluctuations in the retail industry. However, the retail or the manufacturing industry is regional; therefore, the volatility in the currency can have a strong impact on the fashion companies. The fluctuations in the currency also have a shaping impact on the sourcing decision. It results in the revision or the abandonment of the trade agreement, maintaining the security risk, availability of workers, technology transfer, and consumer expectations. All these factors operate in alignment creating an overall stronger impact on the trade and the industry. As per the report of Euro Investor (2012), the constantly changing currency rates have a strong impact on the profits of the organization. The business organizations which have overseas branches or which trade internationally are influenced by the changes on the fluctuation in the global currency. The Euro Investor report of 2012 has also stated if the size of the business organization is large, then it can have strong impact on the profits and the losses of the company. There are several risks which are needed to be evaluated when the business are operating at an international level. However, there are several approaches which can be used to counteract the currency exposure of the business enterprises. The simplest method, which is popularly used by the small and medium organizations equally. It is the best method, if the companies are do not consider that they are at a high risk from the fluctuations in the exchange rate. Another approach to control the impact of the currency on the business organization is to hedge against the risk exposure. Derivatives is a common method which can limit the exposure to the volatility. Although it is a complicated method, it can reduce the impact on the risk. The firms can also manage the exposure to the currency by changing their business practices. The business can also set up clauses to reduce the exposure to the risk. McKinnon and Schnabl (2014) evaluated that international and domestic investors are affected by Australian dollar fluctuation. It can indirectly affects the companies in the retail industry. Speculation related to devaluation can delay in bringing funds to investors in Australia. But, the assets could be cheaper. Along with this, international and domestic investors focus that fluctuation in Australian exchange rate represents the increase in the risk of investment in Australia. Global shareholders are highly persuaded from the fluctuation of the exchange rate in the Australian dollar as compared to US dollar. In the view OfIto et al. (2016) worst case for shareholders could be when the worth of currency of Australia declines as compared to US dollar. It is evaluated that fluctuation of Australian dollar rate has an impact on different categories of business such as an airlines, a gold miner, an online business of selling and buying cars Carsales.com and a consumer goods retailer JB HI-FI. It has an impact on the business due to Australian dollar movement. Similarly, .Mackey and Gass (2015)stated that movement in Australian dollar exchange can direct impact on the commodity. It is evaluated that Australian dollar deals as a special currency because it makes movement in the commodities price and shares of commodity-based companies. The Australian dollar could be dealt in commodity currency. These commodity currencies are linked to the evolution of mining. According toTaylor et al. (2015), Australian dollar movement has less or no impact on the commodity prices. There is four corporation which deals with the currency. It has an impact on the business as per the classical theory. It is evaluated that JB HI-FI imports awide range of goods and then sell it as its profit is progressively affected by the stronger Australian dollar for the inexpensive imported goods. At the same time, the impact of Australian dollar fluctuation is addressed by operation of Carsales.com within the country as it has an impact on the wide range of cars and its imported parts. In contrast to this, Flick (2015) described that the organization deals in the Asian market and Latin America which create difficulties to measure the impact of Australian dollar rate fluctuation. It also relied on the correlation of currency within and between the areas. An elevated correlation demonstrates the increment in currency exposure. It is discussed that all three corporation makes effort to decline the currency risk by locking in the rate overspecified time duration. It illustrates that companies are engaged in forwarding exchange contracts and derivatives. Australian dollar deals in commodity currency as it is observed that there is adrastic impact on the organizations in different industries. It is also evaluated that movement in certain currency has not only impact on the local economy but also impact on the global economy. Another characteristic is that shareholders might be engaged to gain benefits from this fluctuation by investing in theoverseas market and US multinationals. Another characteristic is that movement in thecurrency could be riskier and has wider for exchange exposure. There is a need to hedging the risk by using thevarious instrument of hedging. Further, another characteristic which could be addressed that Australian dollar has been fluctuating more in against to US dollar counterpart from past few periods. Therefore, Federal Reserve has made thedecision to gain the interest rates (Vaioleti, 2016). Aims/Objectives of the Research The main aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations on retail organizations. In the present case, the example of Woolworths is taken. The following objectives will be used to meet the main aim of research: Research objectives are mentioned below: To analyze economic, social, and business impact of Australian dollar fluctuation on retail industries To identify strategies which can be used to minimize the impact of currency fluctuation on retail industry Research Question What are the various impacts of Australian dollar fluctuation on retail industry? How retail industries can minimize the impact of dollar fluctuation? What are the trends of Australian dollar fluctuations over three years? Research hypothesis Hypothesis 1 Ho: There is negative relationship between profitability of Australian dollar and retail industry H1: There is no relationship between profitability of Australian dollar and retail industry Hypothesis 2 Ho: There is positive relationship between retail sector growth and Australian dollar fluctuation H2: There is no relationship between retail sector growth and Australian dollar fluctuation Hypothesis 3 Ho: There is positive relationship between consumer sentiments and Australian dollar fluctuation H3: There is no relationship between consumer sentiments and Australian dollar fluctuation Research methodology Introduction This section of research proposal considers many researchmethods like research philosophy, research design, data collection method, and research approach. It will facilitate the researcher to obtain reliable information towards the research problem.This chapter will also help the researcher to enhance their understanding about Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations.This transparent methodology will support to increase the research quality, and their validity through multiple sources and observations (Panneerselvam, 2014). Research Philosophy For this dissertation, research philosophy will be used by the researcher to pool the valid and logical information regarding current research issue. The motive of research philosophy is to reflect and executive the assumption and beliefs of research matter. Moreover, the assumptions and beliefs of the researcher will act as a foundation to effectively conduct the research. Research philosophy considers different factors like interpretivism and positivism research philosophy. In the research study, the positivism philosophy is used by the researcher to collect factual data gathered through observation (Neuman and Robson, 2014).Beside this, interpretivism philosophy permits the researcher to evaluate each aspect of the research. The researcher will practice interpretivism philosophy for obtaining reliable information in the context of research issue. It will also support to enhance research quality. The motive behind the selection of this philosophy is that it is connected with the lo gical situation of idealism. Furthermore, this research philosophy could enable the researcher to put all different strategies and attain effective result. For this research, the researcher will need to collect the factual data, which could be possible through positivism philosophy. Hence, the researcher will use positivism philosophy researcher and enhance the reliability of outcome (Humphries, 2017). Research Approach This is an imperative element of research methodology because it shows the cause for selecting the specific research process. Research approach could be categorized into two parts nameddeductive and inductive research approach. The inductive approach will be used to examine the collected observation and develop the theoretical data towards the research matter. On the other hand, the deductive approach is practiced to develop the hypothesis. On behalf of hypothesis development, the researcher will reject and accept and reject the process of research (Bauer, 2014). In this research, the deductive approach will be practiced by the researcher over the inductive approach, because it facilitated the researcher to develop hypotheses on Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar (Billig and Waterman2014). Through this method, the researcher will be capable to increasethe validity and reliability of research result. From the utilization of this approach, a researcher will also capable to gather the information and develop valid conclusion to deliberate the Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar. In this dissertation, a researcher will not imply the inductive approach because the research is objective in nature. Moreover, the deductive approach will help the researcher to answer the research question (Nieswiadomy and Bailey 2017). Research Design It is an important factor of research methodology that is effective for attaining the research aim and objectives. There are two kinds of methods that is considered in the research design like qualitative and quantitative research design. The qualitative research design is used to gain the understanding about the research study. This method is practised for collecting the opinion and belief of participants towards research concern (Matthews and Ross2014).It considers many strategies such as experiment, questionnaire, interview, and focus group. Beside this, quantitative research design supports to collect the numerical data in context of the current research issue. For this dissertation, researcher will use the mixed data collection method to collect the appropriate information towards the research matter. Researcher willuse mixed data collection method to avoid research issues, which will be happed at the time of conducting the research as it will be supportive to obtain the favoura ble outcome regarding the research issue (Reynolds, et al., 2014). Research Strategy In the research, research strategy is significant elements because it enables the researcher to discover the research problem by solving the research question in an appropriate manner. From appropriate research plan, the researcher will be capable tocollect depth evidence and evaluate the facts to develop valid decision. In order to accomplish the research objectives, the researcher will imply the different research approaches like literature review, observations, interview, case study, questionnaire, focused group, and case study. In this dissertation, a researcher will use interview and survey research strategies are implied by the researcher (Dumay and Cai2015). This strategy will facilitate the researcher to collect the info towards the Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar. Beside this, a researcher will use survey strategy because it will enable the researcher to get reliable information in the adequate cost and time, which will help the resear cher to increase the researcher reliability among shareholders. Through interview strategy, the researcher will be capable to directly communicate with the participants and obtain their perception and views related to the research matter. It will support the researcher to develop the research validity (AfWhlberg, 2017). Data Collection Method In the research study, the data collection consists of the collection of the information from many sources to attain the research aims. The appropriate information will assist the researcher to make a valid conclusion related to the Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar. In the research study, data collection methods consider two kinds of methods like primary and secondary data collection method. In this, the primary data collection method aids the investigator to get new information. For gathering the primary data, the researcher will use different sources like interview, survey, action research, and case study (Jaggar, 2015). On the other hand, the secondary data collection method will aid the research scholar to obtain accurate data in the context of research matter. In the secondary data collection method, a researcher will consider many kinds of sources like published data, academic journal, books, company website, magazines, governmental reports, newspapers, online and offline website (Alvesson and Skldberg, 2017). For this research study on Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar, the research scholar will select both information gathering techniques like primary and secondary data collection method. The primary data collection method will assist the researcher to directly converse with research participants in order to collect their opinion and views in context of the research matter. Besides this, the researcher will also imply secondary data collection method to collect theoretical information in context of research matter. It will help the research scholar to gain the accuracy of research result (Gall, et al., 2014). Sampling Method The sampling method is also imperative for research scholar to get the accurate sample size in the context of research issue. The sampling method considers two kinds of methods like probability and non-probability sampling method, which aid the research scholar to choose valid observation from a different population. The probability sampling methodis used to collect the data without any biases on arandom basis. Through this method, the researcher will select participants by offering a similar chanceto all the candidates. Besides this, the non-probability sampling method enables the researcher to collect the participants on the basis of age, education, gender, and region (Goldberg,et al., 2017). The non-probability sampling method creates the biases in the research study because this method does not offer the equal chance to the participants. For this dissertation, research schloar will practise probability sampling method with random sampling method to collect data in the context of the Australian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar. In this dissertation, 50 employees of different Woolworth limited David Jones and Mayer. Besides this, the non-probability sampling method will not be considered by the researcher because this method createsbiases in the research. On the other hand, the probability sampling methodwill assist to collect the valid information and meet research issue. Data Analysis Method After gathering the information, it is effective for the researcher to evaluate the collected data gather the reliable result related to theAustralian dollar exchange rate fluctuations in comparison to US Dollar. For this research study, the researcher will use different kinds of methods like conversational analysis, disclosure analysis, statistical analysis, and content analysis with respect to getting avalid result. The statistical data analysis method will be used by the researcher to effectively evaluate the collected data. In this, the researcher will be capable to present pie chart and bar diagram. Moreover, the researcher will use MS-Excel to present all the graphs and table (Goldberg, et al., 2017). Conclusion From the above interpretation, it can be concluded that appropriate determination of research methodology facilitated the research scholar to attain aim and objectives of research. Furthermore, it is also concluded that there are many methods which support the researcher to obtain the feasible outcome like research approach, research strategy, research approach, research design, and data collection method. Moreover, it is also illustrated that the ethical consideration will be imperative for the researcher to perform the study in asystematic manner. Research Plan An appropriate research takes more time to complete all research activity systematically and meet the favorable result. For this research study, the determination of time will be presented as below: The above research plan would be appropriate for the investigator to attain the research objective in specified time and cost. Through the research plan, the researcher will be capable to generate the understanding towards the research activity completion time. Moreover, it is also analyzed that the data collection method activity takes more time period as compared to other research work effectively. Reference AfWhlberg, A. (2017)Driver behavior and accident research methodology: unresolved problems. USA: CRC Press. Alvesson, M., and Skldberg, K. (2017)Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research.USA: Sage. Bauer, G. 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